Description: Knowing and Seeing: groundwork for a new empiricism by Michael Ayers Published by Oxford University Press, in 2019, 240 pages From a smoke-free home "What is knowledge? What, if anything, can we know? In Knowing and Seeing, Michael Ayers recovers the insight in the traditional distinction between knowledge and belief, according to which 'knowledge' stems from direct and perspicuous cognitive contact with ('seeing') its object, whereas 'belief' relies on 'extraneous' justification. He conducts a careful phenomenological analysis of what it is to perceive one's environment as one's environment, the result of which is not only direct realism, but recognition that in being perceptually aware of anything we are at the same time perceptually aware of how we are aware of it. Perceptual knowing comes with knowing how you know. Some other forms of knowledge are similarly direct and perspicuous, but not all; a distinction is accordingly drawn between primary and secondary knowledge, and Ayers argues that no secondary knowledge is possible without some primary knowledge. Perceptual knowledge supplies the paradigm to which other cases of knowledge are diversely analogous - hence the notorious difficulty of defining knowledge. These conclusions, supported by a detailed examination of the relations between different grammatical constructions in which 'know', 'believe' and 'see' occur, fuel extended critiques of two lines of thought influential in contemporary epistemology: John McDowell's conceptualist and intellectualist account of perceptual knowledge, and Fred Dretske's 'externalist' employment of sceptical argument. Ayers unpicks the arguments for these other views, explains the failure of recent attempts at a comprehensive definition of knowledge, explores the tight relation between knowledge and certainty, and gives an account of how 'defeasibility' should and should not be understood in epistemology."
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Restocking Fee: No
Return shipping will be paid by: Buyer
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 14 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
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Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom
Number of Pages: 240 Pages
Publication Name: Knowing and Seeing : Groundwork for a New Empiricism
Language: English
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Incorporated
Item Height: 0.7 in
Publication Year: 2019
Subject: Mind & Body, Epistemology, Movements / Empiricism, Metaphysics
Type: Textbook
Item Weight: 17.4 Oz
Subject Area: Philosophy
Item Length: 5.6 in
Author: Michael Ayers
Item Width: 6.2 in
Format: Hardcover
