England Revolution LORD PROTECTOR OLIVER CROMWELL, 1778 Art Print Engraving RARE

Description: OLIVER CROMWELL Artist/Engraver: T. Cook NOTE: The title in the box above is also in the white border below this scene. PRINT DATE: This engraving was printed circa 1778; it is not a modern reproduction in any way. PRINT SIZE: Overall print size is 18 x 23 centimeters, actual scene size is 12 ½ x 17 ½ centimeters. PRINT CONDITION: Condition is as shown in this detailed picture. Blank on reverse. Paper is quality woven rag stock paper. SHIPPING: Buyer to pay shipping, domestic orders receive priority mail, international orders receive regular air mail unless otherwise asked for. Full payment details will be in our email after auction close. We pack properly to protect your item! PRINT DESCRIPTION: https://www.alamy.com/oliver-cromwell-lord-protector-of-the-commonwealth-1599-1658-profile-portrait-in-suit-of-armour-with-vignette-below-showing-him-accepting-a-crown-copperplate-engraving-by-thomas-cook-after-a-miniature-by-samuel-cooper-from-the-copper-plate-magazine-or-monthly-treasure-g-kearsley-london-1778-image211158560.html this link above can take you to a copy of this print online. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, 1599-1658, profile portrait in suit of armour, with vignette below showing him accepting a crown. Copperplate engraving by Thomas Cook after a miniature by Samuel Cooper from The Copper Plate Magazine or Monthly Treasure, G. Kearsley, London, 1778. Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658), the most important leader of the English Revolution (1640-60); one of the principal commanders of the rebel army that defeated the forces of King Charles I, he played a leading role in the king's subsequent trial and execution (1649). From 1653 until his death, Cromwell was the virtual dictator of England. Cromwell's family, originally from Wales and named Williams, rose from obscurity through the favor of Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell, who was the uncle of Oliver's great-great-grandfather. The family adopted the name of its patron and became prominent in Huntingdon, where Oliver was born on April 25, 1599. As a boy, Cromwell was educated in Huntingdon by Thomas Beard (died 1632), an outspoken Puritan (one of those who wished to "purify" the national church of its remaining Roman Catholic elements); Cromwell later attended the predominantly Puritan Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, and studied law in London. In August 1620 he married Elizabeth Bourchier and returned to Huntingdon to manage the estate of his father, who had died in 1617. As a member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628-29, he criticized toleration of Roman Catholic practices in the Protestant Church of England. During the next decade Cromwell's fortunes fell and rose. In 1631 he sold most of his land at Huntingdon and rented grazing land at Saint Ives. In 1636 he moved to Ely, having inherited some property there from his wife's uncle. In the interim he had a religious experience and henceforth exhibited a characteristically Puritan intensity and dedication. Cromwell returned to Parliament in 1640, as the conflict between King Charles I and the Puritans reached the crisis stage. When civil war broke out in 1642 between the Puritan-dominated Parliament and the supporters of the Crown, he was quick to perceive that religious fervor could produce the fighting spirit that won battles; he subsequently raised a regiment of cavalry to fight on the Parliamentary side. With this force he gained recognition as an able commander during the early phase of the war. In 1644 Cromwell was made a lieutenant general under Edward Montagu, earl of Manchester, who had been a neighbor in Huntingdonshire. In July 1644 he led the Parliamentary forces to victory in the crucial Battle of Marston Moor, earning for himself and his regiment the name Ironsides. In 1645 Cromwell was appointed cavalry commander in the reorganized and retrained New Model Army under Sir Thomas Fairfax. His leadership was again decisive at the Battle of Naseby (June 14, 1645), an engagement that destroyed the king's army. When fruitless negotiations with the king divided the victors, Cromwell sided with the army faction, which favored religious toleration, against the intransigent Presbyterians in Parliament. The arguing stopped when the king escaped, made an alliance with the Scots, and renewed the civil war in 1648. Cromwell quelled an uprising in Wales and then crushed the Scots at Preston (August 1648). He again sided with the army against Parliament's attempt to renew talks with Charles. He approved the purge of the army's opponents from Parliament in December, leaving only a rump of members, who were favorable to the appointment of a commission to try the king for treason. He was outspoken in his efforts to secure the king's conviction. Cromwell's first task under the Commonwealth, which was proclaimed after Charles's execution on Jan 30, 1649, was the subjection of Ireland and Scotland. The massacres following his capture of Drogheda and Wexford, although not out of line with accepted military practice, have always seemed excessive, the result of his hatred for the Irish and for Roman Catholics. His twin victories against the Scots at Dunbar and Worcester (1650 and 1651) demonstrated the height of his military genius-or, as he said, a "glorious mercy" of God. When the Rump Parliament would not dissolve itself and so make way for a permanent settlement, Cromwell, with soldiers at his back, dissolved it himself, on April 19, 1653. After the nominated Barebone's Parliament had similarly failed, Cromwell accepted the Instrument of Government (December 1653), a written constitution creating a protectorate and naming himself Lord Protector. His primary concerns were to provide a stable government and to give toleration to all the Puritan sects. He quarreled with the protectorate Parliaments, which sought to alter the fundamentals of the written constitution. In 1657 he accepted the Humble Petition and Advice to create a second house of Parliament and to allow him to name his successor, but he would not accept the title of king. Cromwell's success was in maintaining peace and stability and providing a measure of religious toleration. Thus Jews, who had been excluded from England since 1290, were allowed to return in 1655. Cromwell's vigorous foreign policy and the success of the army and navy gave England prestige abroad such as it had not enjoyed since the days of Queen Elizabeth I. Allied with France, the English captured Dunkirk from Spain in 1658, gaining a foothold on the Continent to take the place of Calais, which had been lost 100 years before. Cromwell died on September 3, 1658, and was interred in Westminster Abbey. His son, Richard, whom he had named as his successor, was unable to retain his power. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660, Cromwell's disinterred body was hanged as that of a traitor, his head put on a pole mounted above Westminster Hall, and his body buried at the foot of the gallows. John Faber Jr. (1684 – 2 May 1756) was a Dutch portrait engraver active in London. Faber was born in The Hague, the son of the artist John Faber Senior, and learned mezzotint and drawing from his father after the family's move to London. He then enrolled at the St. Martin's Lane Academy. In later life Faber resided at the Golden Head in Bloomsbury Square, London, where he died of "gout" on 2 May 1756. From the inscription on a masonic portrait of Frederick, Prince of Wales, it appears that Faber was a Freemason himself. According to Horace Walpole, his widow, of whom there is an engraving by Faber from a portrait by Thomas Hudson, remarried a lawyer of the name of Smith. Faber concentrated on mezzotints and was prolific. He was commissioned by Sir Godfrey Kneller and Peter Lely to reproduce their works (the 48-image Kit-Kat Club for the former). Hampton Court. Among his early works were portraits of Charles I of England (1717), Charles XII of Sweden (1718), Sir George Byng (1718), Eustace Budgell (1720), and others. Faber presents the transitional period from Kneller to that of Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough. More than 400 of his portraits survive. His works include a whole-length of Jane Collier, and one of Father Couplet (from a picture by Kneller at Windsor); also the portraits of Charles II in his robes of state (after Lely), Ignatius Loyola (after Titian), Don Jose Carreras (after Kneller), and the six aldermen known as "Benn's Club" (after Hudson). He published sets of engravings, among the best known being The Beauties of Hampton Court, The Five Philosophers of England, and The Members of the Kit-Cat Club: the Kit-Cat Club at one time held its meetings in Fountain Court, The Strand, London, where Faber also lived. Faber was engaged on the engravings from 1731 to 1735, and in the latter year they were published by him and Jacob Tonson. Faber occasionally produced other types of subject, such as The Taking of Namur (after Jan Wyck), St. Peter (after Anthony van Dyck), Salvator Mundi (after Robert Browne), and domestic subjects after Philip Mercier. Mezzotint is a printmaking process of the intaglio family, using a drypoint method. It was the first tonal method to be used, enabling half-tones to be produced without using line- or dot-based techniques like hatching, cross-hatching or stipple. Mezzotint achieves tonality by roughening a metal plate with thousands of little dots made by a metal tool with small teeth, called a "rocker". In printing, the tiny pits in the plate retain the ink when the face of the plate is wiped clean. This technique can achieve a high level of quality and richness in the print. Mezzotint is often combined with other intaglio techniques, usually etching and engraving. The process was especially widely used in England from the eighteenth century, to reproduce portraits and other paintings. It was somewhat in competition with the other main tonal technique of the day, aquatint. Since the mid-nineteenth century it has been relatively little used, as lithography and other techniques produced comparable results more easily. Robert Kipniss and Peter Ilsted are two notable 20th-century exponents of the technique; M. C. Escher also made eight mezzotints. THIS IS AN ACTUAL VERY RARE MEZZOTINT ENGRAVING PRINTED IN THE 1700's! A GREAT HISTRORICAL PORTRAIT OF A FAMOUS ENGLISH PERSON FROM THE MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM !

Price: 31.99 USD

Location: New Providence, New Jersey

End Time: 2025-01-12T17:55:32.000Z

Shipping Cost: 7.95 USD