1897 PREHISTORIC TIMES ARROWHEADS INDIAN ARTIFACTS MOUND BUILDERS THOMAS WILSON

Description: 1897 PREHISTORIC TIMES ARROWHEADS INDIAN ARTIFACTS MOUND BUILDERS THOMAS WILSON Click images to enlarge Description SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, ARROW POINTS. SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES OF PREHISTORIC TIMES. BY THOMAS WILSON, Curator, Division of Prehistoric Archæology, U. S. National Museum. From the Report of the U. S. National Museum for 1897, pages 811-988, WITH SIXTY FIVE PLATES PICTURING HUNDREDS OF ARTIFACTS 1897 FIRST EDITION HARDCOVER 177 PAGES THIS BOOK IS EX LIBRARY WITH MINIMAL MARKINGS OTHERWISE THIS BOOK IS COMPLETE, CLEAN AND IN VERY GOOD + CONDITION... PLEASE SEE PICTURES WASHINGTON: ARROW POINTS, SPEARHEADS, AND KNIVES OF PREHISTORIC TIMES. BY THOMAS WILSON, LL. D., Curator, Division of Prehistoric Archaeology TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Introduction .... 823 I. Spears and harpoons in the Paleolithic period .... 824 II . The origin , invention , and evolution of the bow and arrow .... 830 III . Superstitions concerning arrow points and other prehistoric stone implements .... 841 IV . Flint mines and quarries in Western Europe and in the United States .... 850 Europe ..... 850 Spiennes , Belgium ..... 850 Grand Pressigny , France .... 858 Mur - de - Barrez ( Aveyron ) , France .... 859 Meudon ( Oise ) , France .... 860 Champignolles ( Oise ) , France .... 860 Grimes Graves , Brandon , Suffolk , England ... 861 Cissbury , Sussex , England ... 864 Scraper workshop at Goalenec , Quiberon ( Morbihan ) , France .... 867 United States ... 868 Flint Ridge , Licking County , Ohio .. 868 Caches .. 871 V. Material of arrowpoints and spearheads ... 872 Microscopic examination of flint ...... 876 VI . Manufacture of arrow points and spearheads ... 877 VII . Scrapers , grinders , and straighteners used in making arrow and spear shafts .... 884 VIII . Classification of arrow points and spearheads... 887 Division I - Leaf - shaped... 891 Ciass A. - Pointed at both ends .... 895 Class B. - Pointed at one end ; concave , straight , or convex base ... 899 Class C. - Long , narrow blades with straight , parallel edges , sharp points , baso concave , straight , or convex... 906 Division II – Triangular... 909 Division III - Stemmed... 913 Class A. - Lozenge - shaped... 915 Class B. - Shouldered but not barbed ..... 917 Class C. - Shouldered and barbed... 925 Division IV - Peculiar forms... 931 Class A. - Beveled edges... 931 Class B. - Serrated edges ..... 934 Class C. - Bifurcated stems .... 935 Class D. - Extremely long barbs , square at ends , finely chipped ... 936 Class E. - Triangular in section... 937 Class F. - Broadest at cutting end - tranchant transversal.... 937 Class G. – Polished slate ....941 Class H. - Asymmetric... 941 Class 1. - Curious forms ..... 942 Class K. - Perforators ..... 944 IX . Knives ... 946 X. Wounds made by arrowpoints or spearheads ... 955 Appendix A - Fint mines and quarrios ... 961 Appendix B - Caches .... 970 Appendix C - Large implements of arrow point or spearhead form ... 982 Appendix D - Making of arrow points described by explorers and travelers ... 985 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES . Facing page . 1. Prehistoric iron knives and spearheads . Cemetery of Chei'tan - thagh , Russian Armenia .... 838 2. Specimens of fine arrowpoints . Italy ... 810 3. Specimens of fine arrowpoints . Italy... 810 4. Flint flakes , arrowpoints , and spearheads . Gurob , Egypt , XIIth dynasty , 2600 B. C ......846 5. Pointed flint flakes , picks , hammer stones , and chisels . Spiennes , Belgium . 856 6. Deer - horn picks . Grimes Graves , and Brandon , Suffolk , England .... 856 7. Flint objects from prehistoric workshops Grand Pressigny ( Indre - et Loire ) , France , and other localities in Europe.. 858 8. Flint knapper engaged in quartering flint . Brandon , Suffolk , England ... 862 9. Flint knapper flaking the flints into long slips... 862 10. Knapping the flakes into gun flints . Brandon , Suffolk , England ... 862 11. Implements from flint mines . England .. 864 12. Cache of scrapers . Goalenec , Brittany.. 868 13. Map of Flint Ridge , Ohio , showing aboriginal flint quarries and work shops... 868 14. Worked flipts from workshops . Flint Ridge , Ohio .... 870 15. Flint chips from workshop . Flint Ridge , Ohio ... 871 16. Microscopic thin sections of flint . England ... 876 17. Microscopic thin sections of flint . Denmark , France , and Belgium ... 876 18. Microscopic thin sections of fint . France and United States ... 877 19. Microscopic thin sections of flint . United States ... 877 20. Microscopic thin sections of flint and other rocks . United States .... 878 21. Microscopic thin sections of flint and other rocks . United States ... 878 22. Microscopic thin sections of rocks , used for aboriginal implements . United States ... 879 23. Specimens of rock from which thin sections were made .... 879 24. Specimens of rock from which thin sections were made .. 879 25. Obsidian Cores , flakes , and finished arrowpoints . Principally from North America... 880 26. Concave arrow - shaft scrapers of flint . England and United States .... 884 27. Arrow - shaft grinders . Cherokee , Iowa .... 885 28. Leaf - shaped arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division I , Class A .. 895 29. Leaf - shaped arrow points , spearheads , or knives . Division 1 , Class B. 899 30. Leaf - shaped arrow points , spearheads , or knives . Division I , Class B. 899 31. Leaf - shaped arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division 1 , Class C. 906 32. Triangular arrow points , spearheads , or knives . Division II .... 909 33. Stemmed arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division III , Class A ... 915 34. Stemmed arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division III , Class B .. 917 35. Stemmed arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division III , Class C ..... 925 36. Stemmed arrow points , spearheads , or knives . Division III , Class C ... 925 37. Peculiar forms of arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . bivision IV , Class A. 931 38. Peculiar forms of arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division IV , Class B , C , D . ... 934 39. Peculiar forms of arrowpoints , spearheads , or knives . Division IV , Class E , F , G , H , I .... 937 40. Peculiar forms of arrow points , spearheads , or knives . Division IV , Class 942 41. Flint and obsidian leaf - shaped blades , handled as knives . Hupa Valley , California .. 947 42. Leaf - shaped flint blades in wooden handles , fastened with bitumen . Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz islands , California ... 948 43. Leaf - shaped blades of flint and chalcedony , showing bitumen handle fas tening . California ... 949 44. Ulu , or woman's knife . Hotham Inlet and Cape Nome ... 950 45. Common arrow points , handled by the author to show their possible use as knives ... 951 46. Humpbacked knives . District of Columbia , United States , and Somali land , Africa .... 951 47. Humpbacked knives . United States .. 951 48. Manner of holding “ humpbacks " for use as knives .. 952 49. “ Humpbacks ” chipped smooth , showing intentional knives . United States .. 953 50. “ Humpbacks ” of quartzite with one cutting edge used as knives . United States ... 953 51. Rude knives of flint and hard stone , chipped to a cutting edge on one side of the oval . United States .... 953 52. Rude knives of fint , jasper , etc. United States .. 953 53. Knives with stems , shoulders , and barbs , resembling arrow points and spearheads , but with rounded points unsuitable for piercing ... 953 54 , 55 , - Unilateral knives ... 954 56. Flint flakes chipped on one edge only , intended for knives ... 955 57. Flint flakes chipped on one edge , intended for knives ... 955 58. Arrow points or spearheads inserted in ancient human bones . Cavern , Kentucky .. 959 59. Plan showing one of layer of cache of 95 argillite implements . Chester County , Pennsylvania .... 972 60. Plaster cast ( model ) of a spring near Hibriten Mountain , North Carolina, showing 15 leaf - shaped implements in cache . Lenoir , North Carolina .. 972 61. Large spearheads of chalcedony . Little Missouri River , Arkansas .. 974 62. Flint disks , maile from concretionary flint nodules . Illinois ; Ohio ... 974 63. Pilo of 7,382 chipped flint disks , cached in mound 2 , Hopewell farm , Anderson Station , Ross County , Ohio... 975 64. Large spearheads of chalcedony . College Corners , Ohio ... 975 65. Spearhead of white flint . Carpentersville , Illinois .... 982 TEXT FIGURES . 1. Achenléon implement of flint . St. Acheul , France ... 824 2. Paleolithic implement of quartzite . Madras , India ..824 3 , 4. Mousterien spearhead of fint . Le Moustier , France ... 825 5,6 . Paleolithic points and harpoons of reindeer horn . La Madeleine , France . 826 7-10 . Paleolithic points and barpoons of reindeer horn . La Madeleine , Dor dogne , France ... 826 11. Solutréen point of chipped flint . Solutré , France ... 827 12-14 . Solutréen points of chipped flint . France ..... 828 15 , 16. Solutréen points of chipped tint .. Dordogne , France ... 829 17 , 18. Solutréen flint points . Dordogne , France ... 829 19. Primary arrow release ... 831 20. Secondary arrow release ... 831 21. Tertiary arrow release ... 831 22. Med terranean ariuw release ... 831 23. Mongolian arrow release ... 831 24. Scythian and Parthian bow ... 832 25. Greek bow ... 832 26. Greek bow case and quiver ... 832 27. Greek bronze " three - tongued " arrowpoint . Persepolis .. 832 28. Greek bronze “ three - tongued ” arrowpoints . Marathon ... 833 29 , 30. Prehistoric iron spearheads . Cemetery of Mouçi - yéri , Russian Armenia . 837 31–38 . Prehistoric iron spearheads . Cemetery of Cheïtan - thagh , Russian Armenia ... 838 39 , 40. Prehistoric Armenian bows , engraved on bronze cinctures . Cemetery of Akthala and Mouçi - yéri ... 839 41-45 . Prehistoric arrow points of bronze and iron from Armenia .... 840 46 , 47. Prehistoric arrow points of chipped obsidian , tranchant transversal . Cemetery of Mouçi - yéri , Armenia ..840 48. Section showing geology of prehistoric flint mine . Spiennes , Belgium ... 851 49. Section of prehistoric flint mines . Spiennes , Belgium ... 852 50. Section of shaft in the prehistoric flint mines , showing ancient workings and how they were filled . Spiennes , Belgium... 854 51. Section of shaft in the prehistoric flint mines , showing ancient workings and how they were filled . Spiennes , Belgium ... 855 52. Section of pit in the prehistoric flint mines . Spiennes , Belgium ... 856 53. Flint implement ; the peculiar product of a prehistoric workshop . Grand Pressigny ( Indre - et - Loire ) , France .. 858 54. Section of prehistoric flint mine or pit . Mur - de - Barrez ( Aveyron ) .... 859 55. Prehistoric deer - horn hammer and pick combined . From flint mine at Mur - de - Barrez ( Aveyron ) , France ..... 859 56. Section of prehistoric flint mine . Meudon ( Oise ) , France ..860 57. Section of a pit of the prehistoric flint mine at Champignolles ( Oise ) , France .. 861 58. “ Sirike - a - light , ” steel and tinder , used by French peasants . Paris , France ... 862 59. Prehistoric pick marks in the hard clay in the excavation of an Etruscani tomb . ( Del Colle Cassuccina ) , Chiusi , Italy .. 863 60. Plan of prehistoric flint mines . Cissbury , England .. 865 61. Portion of plan of prehistoric flint wines . Cissbury , Sussex , England ... 866 62 , 63. Iron flaking hammer and a " strike - a - light ” made with it . Albania , Greeco ... 878 64. Flint core , with its flakes in place as struck ... 879 65. Section of flint nucleus showing how flakes are struck off. 879 66 , 67. Hammer stones . Ohio , New York ... 880 68 , 69. Eskimo arrow flakers , points of reindeer horn , handle of ivory ... 881 70 , 71. Eskimo arrow flakers , points of reindeer horn , handles of wood and ivory . 881 72–74 . Flakers of antler or bone in handles of wood ..... 882 75 , 76. Flint flakers ( ? ) with smooth , rounded ends , worn by use . Yorkshire , England .. 883 77. Arrowshaft grinder , chlorite slate . Cape Cod , Massachusetts ... 885 78. Serpentine arrow - shaft straightener , with three smooth grooves , ornamen tal irregular incised lines . Santa Barbara County , California ... 886 79 , 80. Arrow - shaft straighteners of wood or ivory .... 886 81. Leaf - shaped spearhead of flinty chert , pointed at both ends . Madison County , Kentucky . 892 82. Sword of dark - brown flint . Williamson County , Tennessee ... 893 83. Sword of obsidian . Oregon .. 893 84. Ferruginous conglomerate containing jasper pebbles . Blount County , Alabama .. 894 85. Pale - gray flint having the appearance of agatized wood . Austin , Texas . 891 86. Yellow chert . Tennessee River , opposite Savannah , Tennessee ... 895 87. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends . Folsom , Sacramento County , California ... 896 88. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends ... 896 89 , 90. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends .. 897 91. Leaf - shaped implement , pointeil at both ends . Santa Barbara County , California ... 897 97 92. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends . California ... 897 93. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends . National Museum , Mexico . 897 94. Leaf - shaped implement , pointed at both ends , two notches near base for fastening handle . Gilmer County , Georgia .... 898 95. Leaf - shaped implement of gray hornstone , pointed at both ends . Belle ville , St. Clair County , Illinois ... 898 96-101 . Leaf - shaped arrow points , pointed at both ends .. 899 102. Leaf - shaped implement of argillite , with straight base . Trenton , New Jersey... 900 103. Leaf - shaped implement of argillite , with straight base . Trenton , New Jersey... 900 104. Leaf - shaped implement of pale - gray jaspery flint , with convex base ... 901 105 , 106. Leaf - shaped implement of dark - gray flint , with convex base... 901 107. Leaf - shaped implement of dark - gray flint , with convex base . San Miguel Island , California .. 902 108. Leaf - shaped implement of jaspery grayish flint , with convex base ....... 902 109. Leaf - shaped implement of obsidian , with convex base . San Miguel Island , California ... 902 110. Leaf - shaped implement of lustrous chalcedonic flint or silicitied wood , with convex base . San Miguel Island , California ... 902 111. Leaf - shaped implement of pale gray chalcedonic flint , with convex base . San Miguel Island , California .... 903 112. Leaf - shaped implement of translucent chalcedony , with straight base . Tennessee .... 903 113. Leaf - shaped implement of porphyritic felsite , with convex base . Dart mouth , Bristol County , Massachusetts ... 903 114-118 . Leaf - shaped implements ... 904 119–123 . Leaf - shaped implements .... 905 124. New Caledonian javelin ( modern )... 906 125 Leaf - shaped implement of brownish - gray jasper , with concave base and parallel eilges . Santa Barbara County , California....906 126. Leaf - shaped implement of gray flint or jasper , with straight base and parallel edges . Santa Barbara County , California 907 127. Leaf - shaped implement , with concave base and parallel edges . California ... 907 128. Leaf - shaped implement of lustrous flint or chalcedony , with slightly concave base and parallel edges . California .... 907 129. Leaf - shaped implement of lustrous flipt or chalcedony , with concave base and parallel edges . California ... 908 130. Leaf - shaped implement of black flint , with concave base and parallel edges . California .... 908 131. Leaf - shaped implement of black flint , with convex base and parallel edges . California .... 909 132. Triangular , equilateral arrow point . Nantucket Island , Massachusetts ... 911 133. Triangular arrowpoint or spearhead , with straight edges and concave base . Rhode Island ... 911 134. Triangular arrowpoint of gray flint , with concave edges and base . Still water , Washington County , New York .. 911 135. Triangular arrowpoint , with concave base . Chilmark , Massachusetts ... 911 136. Triangular arrowpoint , deeply concave . Oregon ... 912 137. Triangular arrowpoint of white quartz ... 912 138. Triangular arrow point of pale gray flint , with convex base . St. George , Washington County , Utah ..... 912 139. Stemmed arrowpoint of porphyritic felsite , lozenge - shaped . La Paz , Lower California ... 915 140. Stemmed arrowpoint of porphyritic felsite , lozenge - shaped . Edgartown , Dukes County , Massachusetts ... 915 141. Stemmed arrow point of white quartz , lozenge - shaped ... 915 142. Stemmed arrow point , lozenge - shaped . East Windsor , Hartford County , Connecticut ... 916 143. Stemmed arrow point , lozenge - shaped . Keeseville , Essex County , New York ... 916 144. Stemmed arrow point of pale gray flint , lozenge - shaped .. 916 145. Prehistoric stone arrowpoint inserted in shaft and tied with fiber . Switzerland ... 917 146. Stemmed arrowpoint of black flint , shouldered but not barbed . Plain field , Windham County , Connecticut .... 917 147. Stemmed arrowpoint of gray flint , shouldered but not barbed . Kingston , Washington County , Rhode Island ... 918 148. Stemmed arrow point , shouldered but not barbed . Groveport , Franklin County , Ohio ... 918 149. Stemmed arrowpoint of greenish - gray hard slate , shouldered but not barbed . Georgia .. 918 150. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . Southold , Suffolk County ( Long Island ) , New York ... 918 151. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . Tennessee .... 919 152. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . New Braunfels , Comal County , Texas .. 919 153. Stemmed arrow point , shouldered but not barbed . Plantersville , Morehouse County , Louisiana ... 919 151. Stemmed arrow point of pale gray flint , shouldered but not barbed . St. Mary County , Maryland .... 919 155. Stemmed arrowpoint of yellowish - brown jasper , shouldered but not barbed . Susquehanna River , Pennsylvania .... 920 156. Stemmed arrowpoint of yellowish - gray flint , shouldered but not barbed, Brownsville , Licking County , Ohio ... 920 157. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . Lincoln County , Tennessee .. 920 158. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . South Dennis , Barn stable County , Massachusetts .. 920 159. Stemmed arrowpoint of bluish chalcedonic flint , shouldered but not barbed . Ohio .. 921 160. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed .. 921 161. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed . St. Clair County ,Illinois .. 921 162. Stemmed arrow point of gray flint , shouldered but not barbed . Edmond son County , Kentucky ... 921 163. Stemmed arrow point , shouldered but not barbed .. 922 164. Stemmed arrowpoint of black flint , shouldered but not barbed . San Miguel Island , California ... 922 165. Stemmed arrow point , shouldered but not barbed . Ohio .. 922 166. Stemmed arrow point of dark gray flint , shouldered but not barbed . Tennessee ... 922 167. Stemmed arrowpoint , shouldered but not barbed .. 923 168. Stemmed arrowpoint of white jaspery flint , shouldered but not barbed . West Bend , Washington County , Wisconsin ..923 169. Steamed arrow point of brown flint , shouldered but not barbed , Den nysville , Washington County , Maine ... 924 170. Stemmod spearhead , shouldered and barbed.. 926 171. Stemmed spearhead of whitish chalcedony , shouldered and barbeil . Shreveport , Caddo County , Louisiana .. 927 172. Stemmed spearhead , shouldered and barbed . Crawford County , Wisconsin ... 928 173. Stemmed spearheati of gray fint , shouldered and barbed . Saratoga County , New York ... 929 174. Stemmed spearhead of gray flint , shouldered and barbed . McMinnville , Warren County , Tennessee ... 929 175. Stemmed spearhead , shouldered and barbed .. 929 176. Stemmed arrow point of gray flint , shouldered and barbed . Orange County , Indiana ... 930 177. Stemmed arrowpoint of pale - brown flint , shouldered and barbed . Santa Barbara County , California .... 930 178. Stemmed arrow point of dark - gray flint , shouldered and barbed . Sharps burg , Washington County , Maryland ... 930 179. Stemmed arrow point , shouldered and barbed . Oregon .. 930 180. Peculiar form of arrowpoint , with beveled edges . Elkton , Giles County , Tennessee .. 932 181. Peculiar form of arrowpoint , with beveled edges . Tennessee .. 933 182. Peculiar form of arrow point , with beveled edges . Point Lick , Kentucky ... 933 183. Peculiar form of arrow point , with beveled edges . Louisville , Kentucky .. 933 184. Peculiar form of arrowpoint , with serrated edges . Oregon .. 934 185. Peculiar form of arrow point , with serratod edges . Stockton , San Joaquin County , California .. 934 186. Peculiar form of arrow point , with bifurcated stem . Tennessee .. 935 187. Peculiar form of arrowpoint , with extremely long barbs , square at ends . Rudston , England .... 936 188. Peculiar form of arrow point , triangular in section , reddish jasper . Chiri .. qui , Panama , United States of Colombia ... 937 189. Peculiar forms of arrow points , broadest at cutting end - tranchant transversal . Aisne , France .. 938 190. Peculiar forms of arrowpoints -- tranchant transversal .. 939 191. Arrow point of bone , with narrow grooves on each side and sharp flint flakes fastened with bitumen or gum . Sweden .... 943 192. Yew bow from prehistoric lake dwelling . Robenhausen , Switzerland .. 945 193. Eskimo knife with nephrite blade , ivory handle , and wooden shaft . Norton Bay , Alaska .. 950 194. Leaf - shaped blade of agatized wood . Wyoming .. 951 195. Unilateral knife of yellow flint . Georgia .. 954 196. Human vertebra ( prehistoric ) pierced with flint arrowpoint ( tranchant,transversal ) ..... 957 197. Human tibia ( prehistoric ) pierced with flint arrowpoint ( tranchant transversal ) . France ... 958 198. Ancient skull pierced with a flint arrowpoint , perforator . California ... 958 199. Ancient human vertebra pierced with quartz arrow point , healed .... 959 200. Ancient skull pierced with perforator arrow point . Ilinois .. 959 201 , Ancient skull , arrow wound over left eye , entirely healed . Missouri ... 959 Get images that make Supersized seem small.Showcase your items with Auctiva's Listing Templates! THE simple solution for eBay sellers. Track Page Views WithAuctiva's Counter

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